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ultraviolet and x-ray photographs
. . . in referece to the wikipedia text,
chemical properties of the sample site
Ultraviolet and x-ray photographs, taken in 1978 before the carbon 14 dating samples were taken, indicated that there are chemical differences between the sample area and surrounding areas of the cloth. Alan Adler, Emeritus Professor of Chemistry at Western Connecticut State University had found a significant quantity of aluminum in yarn segments from the radiocarbon sample area, up to 2%, by energy-dispersive x-ray analysis. It is not found elsewhere on the shroud. Alum, an aluminum compound, was a common mordant used with madder root dye to make it adhere to cloth.
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chemical properties of the sample site
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